Bob Sullivan, senior writer for MSNBC.com’s Technology section, posted an article today entitled “The ‘Other’ Digital TV Conversion Might Cost You,” which purportedly attempts to clear up some confusion about the coming Digital Television transition. In fact, it simply sows more confusion. Sullivan has tried to establish (falsely) a direct relationship between the upcoming “DTV Transition” and efforts by cable operators to expand their video offerings and enhance other services.

As a public service, I’ll attempt to unpack what he wrote.

First, let me point out that NCTA has been saying for some time that there are two “digital transitions” – the digital TV transition for full-power, over-the-air television stations, and the cable industry’s efforts to transition analog channels onto digital cable tiers, in order to reclaim bandwidth and serve consumers with more and better services. This second transition is more of a “digital migration,” and it has been under way for many years now. See this earlier blog post for more details on the differences between these two transitions.

The article starts off correctly distinguishing between the two efforts, but then he makes the claim that cable’s transition “could leave up to 100 million TVs in the dark, unable to display any cable TV channels at all without adding extra equipment.” He further claims that this gathering threat will come to pass eight months from now: “Come February, though, millions of TVs will no longer be capable of displaying cable TV channels without new equipment…”

Having sounded the alarm, Sullivan then pulls back on the timing. First, he writes, “But the death of cable analog television is arriving a bit more stealthily, and more piecemeal.” And pretty soon he makes it clear that the change will be gradual:

…it’s unclear how the industry can turn off analog service without leaving millions of customers in the dark.

The cable transition will not be as brutal as the end of the analog broadcast, which will hit with one fell swoop in February.

Instead, cable operators will decide on their own when to make the switch. So far, some services – such as Time Warner – have indicated that its analog signal won’t be shut down any time soon. Robyn Watson, spokeswoman for the company, said its 3 million analog “basic cable” consumers won’t see any changes in service.

The rest of the article continues to mix concerns about the broadcast transition and the cable one, suggesting that something nefarious is afoot. The fact that cable’s transition has been going on for some years (since the late Nineties), and is anticipated to continue for several years beyond next February, appears to be almost entirely overlooked.

The transition to all-digital cable systems will provide a range of benefits for cable customers, such as access to many more channels, including high-definition offerings. Freeing up bandwidth will help with the deployment of DOCSIS 3.0, the ultra fast “wideband” Internet access that will deliver speeds of over 100 Mbps. In addition, new digital set-top boxes will deliver DVR capability, better interactivity, and improved technical quality. For consumers who don’t want a set-top, the coming deployment of tru2way technology, supported by recent progress in completing deals with television set manufacturers, will move us towards a world where consumers can elect to not have a box.

As pointed out already in the article, the cable industry is working hard to comply with the requirements from the FCC for continued carriage of broadcast TV signals in analog.

It’s important to note that DBS was an all-digital platform from its inception, which means that consumers have always needed a box on every TV for reception. AT&T’s U-verse multichannel video service has also been all digital since inception, and Verizon’s FiOS TV service is undergoing the exact same digital conversion, on a market-by-market basis, that the writer finds so sinister. Therefore, it’s amusing to read reader comments under the story expressing anger about having to take a box from a cable operator, complete with threats to go to the telcos or DBS – who will then require you to take a box.

UPDATE: Michael Willner also touched on this issue in a post today, in regards to the migration of premium channels from analog to digital on Insight’s Louisville system.

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It’s been expected for a while that a city might serve as a test case for the coming Digital Television Transition (scheduled for Feb. 17 next year). It’s now been announced that Wilmington, NC will be that test market.

From this morning’s L.A. Times:

The Federal Communications Commission plans to announce today that broadcasters in the coastal city of about 96,000 — the nation’s 135th-largest media market — will turn off their analog signals permanently on Sept. 8. That is about five months before the government-mandated switch-over in the rest of the country Feb. 18.

“We think it’s going to be a good thing for the community and it will pave the way for the rest of the country,” said Wilmington Mayor Bill Saffo.

FCC Commissioner Michael J. Copps had proposed a test market so officials could work out technical glitches and outreach problems with the digital transition, which will render older TVs that use antennas useless unless they’re outfitted with special signal converter boxes.

“It’s just nonsensical to think you can go into a transition like this and pull the lever one time for the entire country and not expect to have real consumer confusion,” Copps said Wednesday. “Even Broadway plays open on the road and you get the kinks out.”

The FCC confirmed the announcement today.

We issued a statement this afternoon from our President & CEO Kyle McSlarrow:

NCTA has previously indicated our support for the concept of a test market, and the cable industry has been working closely with broadcasters and other stakeholders to ensure that the February 2009 transition is seamless for television viewers. We applaud Commissioner Copps for proposing the concept of a market trial, and we look forward to working closely with the FCC so that local cable operators are able to help make the Wilmington test pilot – and the full February 2009 broadcast transition – a good experience for consumers.

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The country is beginning to hear about the coming Digital Television transition. Unfortunately, there are continuing areas of confusion, even (as pointed out previously) among experts. One of the key points that trip up people is that there are really two transitions. Let’s make one thing clear up front. If you get television from a cable operator (or one of our competitors), you probably lump all those channels together: CNN, Fox, Lifetime, ABC, it’s all the same, right? But some channels are from broadcast stations in your area: ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox, The CW. Those other channels, such as MTV and ESPN, are cable channels. The high-profile DTV Transition coming in February 2009 — as full power over-the-air broadcast TV stations switch to digital and turn off their analog broadcast signal — is the broadcast industry’s digital transition. And although cable is playing a role in that, the cable industry is going through its own transition. Let me explain the difference.

The broadcasters’ transition is about digital television, where the picture and sound information is expressed in the form of data bits representing, for example, a “1” or a “0”. You can think of this transition as analogous to the transition from vinyl records to CDs.

Cable operators are also transitioning some analog channels onto digital cable tiers in order to reclaim space. With digital cable, compression technology is used to allow more than one program service to be carried in the bandwidth space normally required for one analog program service. Typically, the signal is sent to the home, decompressed in the set-top box and changed into analog signals for display on the television. You can think of this transition as something like the manner in which you can compress large files for easier downloading, and then you decompress them for viewing.

Your local TV stations are offered in hi-def formats on digital cable, but digital TV and digital cable are two different animals.

As we’ve discussed before, part of the DTV Transition will require that you get a digital-to-analog converter box to continue watching full power over-the-air broadcast TV stations on an analog TV set. If all your TV sets are connected to cable, you won’t need to do anything to continue to watch your local broadcast stations.

However, some popular cable channels are only available on cable’s digital tiers. In addition, other popular cable channels may be moving from the analog tier to the digital tier because channel space is limited. In these circumstances, you may want to move up to digital service from your cable company — and a digital cable set-top box. But don’t confuse cable’s digital migration with the broadcasters’ digital TV transition.

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There’s no denying that the Digital Television Transition is a complicated issue. Even those of us who work on it all the time sometimes have difficulty keeping all of the technical details straight. Some people seem confused over whether a box is always necessary to keep watching TV.

Here’s one example. Earlier this week, on a Public Radio program dealing with current technology issues, that subject of the coming DTV transition was discussed:

Host: How do I make sure that my TV doesn’t go blank on February 17?

Guest: What you have to do is look at how TV gets to your TV. If you subscribe to satellite or you subscribe to cable, and in either case you have a box, some kind of tuner or digital video recorder connected to your TV, you don’t have to do anything. Any digital conversion that is necessary is done in that box. At worst, your cable or satellite company will ship you a new box at some point. The tricky issue is people who either…

Host: Have cable without a box.

Guest: Yes. They have a cable ready TV and they just subscribe to basic or expanded basic so that they’re used to the joy of watching TV with only remote control on the coffee table. They may need to get a box where they didn’t have one before because the cable companies - and this is actually separate from the digital transition in a certain sense - they only have to keep providing a very basic set of channels in an unencrypted analog form that you can get with your cable ready TV.

Here’s another example: In the latest edition of the Bose newsletter, there’s the same error. It says that you’ll need to do nothing for the transition if “You subscribe to digital cable TV.” Further down, it states that it is a “Myth” that cable subscribers are ready for the changeover, suggesting that cable subscribers who receive analog service will be left out.

The source of the confusion seems to be that two topics are combined. It’s important to remember that this DTV Transition is only for the over-the-air broadcast industry. Cable is going through its own “digital transition.” Because of that word “digital,” the two often get confused.

What will cable subscribers need to do in preparation for the DTV Transition next February? The current information is that cable customers - whether or not they have a set-top box - will still be able to watch television after Feb. 17, 2009. At the same time, the cable industry has been moving towards a digital platform; as part of that, sometimes operators will move channels from the analog tier to the digital tier, which then needs a digital set-top box for reception.

Bottom line: If you have cable service, you should be fine, with the set-top box as an irrelevant factor. However, if you want to get access to cable’s newer services, such as hi-def TV or digital video recorders, or if you want to see the hundreds of programming choices available through the digital cable platform, you’ll need to have the appropriate set-top box. You can avoid having a box by purchasing a Digital Cable Ready television, but the current sets are only one-way, which means you won’t have access to interactive services. However, the tru2way standard will address this issue.

As always, you can visit the Get Ready for Digital TV site for more information (también en Español).

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You’ve heard about those DTV converter boxes that you can get a coupon for. News today that the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) has partnered with the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) on an upgrade of the nine-year-old site AntennaWeb.org, “an online antenna mapping program designed to help users determine the proper outdoor antenna to use in order to receive free local broadcast channels.”

In other news, the DTV Transition Coalition, of which NCTA is a founding member, put out a media release on Friday pointing out their tremendous growth in membership. It’s a long and varied list that includes “consumer groups, broadcast, cable and consumer electronics companies, retailers, civil rights and grassroots organizations, trade associations, and state and local government organizations.”

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We’re coming up pretty quickly on the official start to the One Year Countdown to the Digital Television Transition.

On the off-chance that the preceding sentence was complete gibberish to you, let me step back and explain. The DTV Transition refers to the coming switch from analog to digital over-the-air broadcast television. Congress has mandated that after February 17, 2009, full power television stations will stop broadcasting in analog, and will broadcast in digital exclusively. Changing over to a digital format will create efficiencies in the use of the radio frequency spectrum on which the nation’s TV broadcasters transmit their signals. Some of the old spectrum that’s freed up will be made available to first-responders such as local police and fire departments and will enhance the way they react to emergencies, which will significantly increase public safety for all Americans.

That phrase “full power broadcast TV stations,” however, is a really important distinction, as the FCC’s website points out:

While the majority of consumers in the U.S. can receive the programming of full-power over-the-air stations, there are three other categories of broadcast TV stations - “low-power,” “Class A,” and “translator” stations. There is currently no statutory deadline for these stations to convert to digital broadcasting.

That page defines what these stations are, but it’s useful to remember that not every station broadcasting in America is going to be transitioning next year.

But there is a solution: analog pass-through in digital-to-analog converter boxes. You’ve possibly heard that you can buy a converter box that will let your old analog TV sets receive and display over-the-air digital signals. There are some of these boxes that will also “pass-through” an analog signal, in addition to performing the conversion for the digital ones.

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has a list of converter boxes that are eligible for their coupon program, which allows consumers to apply to receive up to two vouchers that offer a significant discount off the price of the converters. That list clearly marks the models that are “capable of passing through an analog signal to the TV set.” Right now, there are three such boxes, but it is expected that additional models will be available in the future.

For more info on the DTV Transition, you can visit the cable industry’s website GetReadyForDigitalTV.com or the NTIA’s website on this topic. If you’re a cable customer, the good news is that for any of your TVs hooked up to cable, you shouldn’t have to do anything to continue enjoying full power broadcast TV stations in their new digital format, whether you have a hi-def television or not.

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In addition to the earlier CES panel on the DTV Transition (which had focused on the coupon program and retailers), there was another session later that afternoon entitled “Goodbye Analog Hello DTV” which examined current educational efforts to get the public ready for the big change.

The panel started with remarks from Meredith A. Baker, Acting Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information, National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), outlining how the Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program is going so far. She indicated that consumers can expect to start receiving their coupons in late February and also said that of people contacting NTIA for information on the program, 74% were using the website and 26% were using the phone number.

Then a discussion followed, with moderator Jason Oxman, Vice President, Communications and Member Relations, Consumer Electronics Association; and a panel made up of members of the DTV Transition Coalition: Debra Berlyn, President, Consumer Policy Solutions, Federal Affairs Consultant, AARP; Jonathan Collegio, Vice President, Digital Television Transition, National Association of Broadcasters; Catherine Seidel, Chief, Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau, Federal Communications Commission; Rob Stoddard, Senior Vice President, Communications and Public Affairs, National Cable & Telecommunications Association; and Tony Wilhelm, Director, Consumer Education and Public Information Television Converter Coupon Program, NTIA (panel pictured in order, from left to right).

Everyone painted a very positive picture of how education efforts have been going so far, but there were a couple of key takeaways. The panel said that the measure of success is in terms of awareness, not response. As Seidel said, “Some people do get the message, but don’t act.” Collegio warned that for consumers who wait until the last minute to get a converter, there will be a lag until they get their coupon which may mean some people will be left out on February 17, 2009.

Berlyn said that AARP was particularly concerned about groups like seniors, minorities, non-English speaking households, disabled persons, and those living in rural and tribal areas. She also said there was concern about consumers knowing how to connect the converters once they obtain them and suggested that local community groups such as Meals on Wheels may be useful in working directly with consumers.

NTIA is focused on over-the-air population, said Wilhelm. Households that don’t get television via cable or satellite are most in need of information about the Transition. The key questions are where these people are to be found and where the key markets are. For example, Wilhelm noted that Los Angeles is the #1 over-the-air market and that along the Mexican border, there are a larger number of over-the-air households. Coupon requests will allow NTIA to track the consumer response and make mid-course corrections.

The initial stages of education efforts seem to be effective, with consumers’ questions evolving over time and becoming action-oriented. As Stoddard noted, there is a need for “articulate communication” which helps people understand when they need to do something and when they don’t.

For more on cable’s education initiative, visit our Get Ready for Digital TV site (also available en Español).

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With the DTV transition just over a year away, a lot of talk here at CES is focused on the impact of that change. Analog broadcasting ends on February 17, 2009. Estimates are 13-20 million US households rely entirely on over-the-air broadcast (OTA households). 60-70 million analog TVs exist alongside televisions that are either digital or attached to a set-top box.

In an effort to ensure those analog TVs will work after the transition, the government created a coupon program that will allow consumers to purchase low-cost converter boxes that will convert the digital signal to analog for older TVs.

33.5 million coupons will be made available and each is good for $40 towards the purchase of a coupon-eligible converter box. These converter boxes are expected to cost between $40 and $70. Two-thirds are available to every household. One-third will be reserved solely for OTA households. Each household may request up to two coupons.

The application process to request a coupon began last week with coupon distribution beginning February 17. So far the response has been strong with 1.1 million requests for 2 million coupons having been received so far.

Last day to request is 3/31/09 (that date is correct and assumes some people will wake up next February with TVs that don’t receive a signal. Coupons can be requested through March of next year and will be accepted through July 9, 2009.

For a list of eligible converter boxes and participating retailers, visit www.ntiadtv.gov or www.dtv2009.gov.

For more information about the digital transition, you can visit www.dtvtransition.org.

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